“A lot of the thinking we’re doing is building on our understanding of the things that we know we can do with the brain right now, and then proposing UX solutions based on what we think the future looks like is one of the first steps.” -Afshin Mehin

In Episode 51 of the Design Drives podcast, Card79 founder Afshin Mehin sits down with host Sebastian Gier to explore the future of brain–machine interfaces (BMIs), and what it means to design for a new kind of interaction—one that doesn’t rely on traditional inputs or outputs, but taps directly into the human brain.

This conversation touches on both philosophical and practical aspects. Afshin highlights that he and the team at Card79 approach neurotechnology not only as a technical challenge but as a deeply human one. “We often think of design as something that lives on the surface,” he says, “but when you’re designing for thought, you’re entering a different realm entirely.”

Afshin discusses his collaboration with Neuralink, where Card79 contributed to shaping both the surgical robot that implants the device and the behind-the-ear wearable that connects it to the outside world. This work required rigorous industrial design, alongside sensitivity to fear, perception, and trust. How do you make something as unfamiliar and invasive as brain surgery feel approachable? How do you transform speculative technology into something that someone might actually want to wear or put in their body?

The discussion shifts between broad concepts and specific design details. Afshin shares what it’s like to work alongside engineers and neuroscientists, how speculative design tools can help bridge the gap between future visions and present-day feasibility, and why storytelling remains one of the most powerful tools for designers, particularly in emerging fields like neurotechnology. The influence of storytelling in inspiring and shaping understanding is a key theme of this episode.

Ethical dimensions of BMIs are also addressed during the discussion. As the ability to interface directly with the brain becomes more feasible, questions about consent, cognitive liberty, and privacy come to the forefront. According to Afshin, design cannot be separated from these critical concerns. The way a product looks, feels, or behaves will significantly influence how it is understood and trusted.

Additionally, Afshin shares how Card79 continues to explore the neurotechnology space beyond its work with Neuralink, referencing ongoing collaborations with other neurotech companies and a growing interest in speculative technologies, such as lucid dreaming wearables and next-generation neurostimulation therapies. Throughout all these endeavors is a consistent belief: design has the power to shape not only the usability of a product but also its meaning, reception, and impact on the world.

If you’re interested in how we approach the design of emerging technologies, explore more of our work on the Expertise page.